Before we start we have to know what is Machine Learning? It is the science of creating algorithms and program which learn on their own. Therefore It is a type of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that provides computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed.

We all use products or services based on ML in our day to day life such as Google search engine, ad placement, stock trading, computer vision, drug design, Face Detection – Facebook photo tagging, Span email detection, Recommendation system by E-commerce giants such as Amazon and eBay.

Every tech company is making use of these Algorithms to provide a perfect user-friendly experience and simultaneously multiply profits by increasing business.


The process involved in Machine Learning


various process involved in machine learning
Process involved in ML

Data Collection

Data is to be collected first ,it can be any in any form such as comma separated values(.csv), excel sheets, spread sheets, etc. (Note: It is not necessary in ML that the larger the data faster the learning.)

Data Cleaning

Data is not always in its best form, It needs to be cleaned, manipulated and wrangled so that model can be applied easily.The True and False or the yeses and the noes are to be converted in binary form i.e 0’s and 1’s. Exploratory analysis is one of the method of data clearing.

Training a model

Suitable algorithm is applied to the data set and generally, the data set is divided into two parts: Test and training sets. The algorithm is applied to the training data and checked on test data. This technique helps us to make proper and effective predictions.

Testing a model

To evaluate if the model is precise and highly accurate we test the model on test data to check the precision and performance.

Enhance performance

Error reduction and increasing accuracy by applying different model and on different variables of data .


Machine Learning Types
Machine Learning Types

Different types of ML Algorithm


supervised learning
supervised learning

Supervised Learning

It is also called as predictive model and is the most common type of learning. It is done on predefined rules. It is used when the output is definite. In simple words, it is used when the right type of training data is known ie labeled data.

Examples: Nearest neighbour, Naïve Bayes, Decision Trees, Regression. etc.

Unsupervised Learning
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised Learning

It is also called as predictive model and is the most common type. This is done on predefined rules. It is used when the output is definite. In simple words, it is used when the right type of training data is known ie labeled data.

Examples: Nearest neighbour, Naïve Bayes, Decision Trees, Regression. etc.

semi supervised Learning
Semi-Supervised Learning

Semi-Supervised Learning

It is a mixture of both supervised and un-supervised. It makes use of un-labeled and labeled data for training. These algorithms can perform better when we have a very small amount of labeled points and a large amount of unlabeled points used in modeling.

Reinforcement Learning

It is a type of unsupervised learning which allows the machine to automatically learn its behavior from the previous output or feedback. The learning process keeps on adopting new results as time goes by. (Note: This method is to memory expensive to store every value.) Example problems: Self driving vehicles , Games such as Chess use this technique.

Example algorithms : classification and regression.


Different Technique of ML Algorithm


Regression Algorithms

Regression algorithms
Regression Algorithm

It is a statistical process or predictive modelling technique. It defines the relationship between dependent and independent variable. If one variable is used in regression then its is called simple regression if two or more than two variables are used then it is called as multiple regression. The most widely used regression algorithms are :

  • Linear Regression
  • Logistic Regression
  • Polynomial Regression

Decision Tree Algorithms

Decision tree algorithm
Decision Tree Algorithm

It is a type of supervised learning algorithm that is mostly used for classification problems. It fits for both Categorical and continuous dependent variables. In this algorithm, we group the set of variables into two or more homogeneous sets. Decision Trees are often accurate and very favorite algorithm in ML .The most widely used Decision Tree algorithms are :

  • Conditional Decision Trees
  • Classification and Regression Tree. 

Read everything you need to know about Ensemble Techniques in Machine Learning Here

Clustering Algorithm

Clustering Algorithm
Clustering Algorithm

It is a method of unsupervised learning. Clustering can be used to form groups of similar data. In simple words, It is the process of organizing objects into groups whose members are similar in some way. The most widely used Clustering algorithms are :

  • K-means
  • K-medians
  • Hierarchical Clustering

Bayesian Algorithm

Bayesian Algorithm
Bayesian Algorithm

Clustering algorithm can be used for problems on classification and regression by applying Bayes theorem.It is easy to build and is usually used for very large data sets.
The most widely used Bayesian algorithms are :

  • Naive Bayes
  • Gaussian Naive Bayes

Applications of Machine Learning


Speech recognition

Improvement in speech recognition is possible due to ML. Examples are Amazon Alexa, Google Now, Apple Siri.

Anti-virus

It is used in Anti- Virus Software’s to improve the efficiency .

Genetics

The clustering algorithm in ML is used in genetics to help find genes associated with a particular disease.

Signal de-noising

ML algorithm such as K-means clustering is used in video compression and de-noising techniques.

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